Hypertension Risk And Management Guidelines Essay

Running head: HYPERTENSION RISK AND MANAGEMENT 1 HYPERTENSION RISK AND MANAGEMENT 2 Hypertension Risk and Management Isatu Mansaray-Colbert Indiana State University Introduction Hypertension is an acute and life-threatening condition that requires prompt treatment and is highly evaluate in urgency (Neutel Campbell, 2009). Hypertension is a condition that increases the risks of stroke and heart disease. Approximately 40% of the US population had hypertensive disease during 2011 to 2014, and the condition was not under control in about 65% of those affected (Roger, Go, Lloyd-Jones, 2015). Creating awareness on the treatment and control of hypertension is primary health promotion concern in Howard County Maryland, Columbia. Hypertension involves making lifestyle changes to control risk factors; a teaching plan is best suited for the county?s case. Nurses and Nurse Practitioners have the decisive role in preventing and managing hypertension using patient education and counseling (Neutel Campbell, 2009). The nurses are the first providers to see new patients when they come to the hospital or visit their healthcare providers. As a student nurse, I obtained subj ective and objective data from patients, implement a plan of treatment with my preceptor. We communicate and collaborate with the nurse managers and physician, then outlines and evaluate a care plan with primary and secondary prevention on hypertension strategies for the patients.Show MoreRelatedLifestyle Modifications : Provider Adherence1492 Words   |  6 PagesProvider Adherence to JNC7 Guidelines Introduction Hypertension, a condition more commonly known as high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for many medical diseases and comorbidities. Hypertension affects 1 of 3 American adults each year, leading to comorbidities such as heart disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney disease. The treatment of hypertension totals $46 billion annually (CDC High Blood Pressure Facts, 2015). Clinical treatment guidelines, developed in 2003 by TheRead MoreSchema of The Process of Studies1133 Words   |  4 Pagessearch recognized 55 articles. We excluded six studies that were about gestational hypertension; eight that defined awareness as† knowledge of the effects of hypertension† rather than† awareness of hypertensive status†; fifteen review papers and guidelines and five studies did not met the criteria. Ultimately 21 studies were included in the systemaic review of the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Egypt. Figure (2) shows governorates in Egypt represented in the included studiesRead MoreCardiovascular Remodeling Concepts And Clinical Implications1020 Words   |  5 Pageshypertensive heart disease. Circulation 2011; 123 : 327– 334. Article PubMed ISI. 129. Dà ¡vila D, Donis J, Odreman R et., al. Patterns of LVH in essential hypertension. should echo-cardiography guide the pharmacological treatment? Int J Cardiol 2008 ; 124: 134 –138. 130. Lavie C, Ventura H, Messerli F. LVH. Its relationship to obesity hypertension. Post grad Med 1992;91:131-143. 131. Lee M, Gardin J, Lynch J et., al. DM echo-cardiographic LV function in free living, elderly men women. The CV HealthRead MoreHypertension And High Blood Pressure1703 Words   |  7 PagesHypertension Hypertension is referred to as high blood pressure. Hypertension is frequently asymptomatic in the early stages, and the initial signs are often vague and nonspecific. They include fatigue, malaise, and sometimes morning headache. Consistently elevated blood pressure under various conditions is the key sign of hypertension. Because of the insidious onset and mild signs, hypertension is often undiagnosed until complications arise and has been called the â€Å"silent killer.† The complicationsRead MorePregnancy Induced Hypertension1243 Words   |  5 PagesMETHYLDOPA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION Contents Introduction Risk factors for the development of hypertension in pregnancy Endothelial dysfunction- a key mechanism in pathogenesis of preeclampsia Management of hypertension in pregnancy Methyldopa in management of hypertension in pregnancy Effects of methyldopa for hypertension in pregnancy- evidence based studies Summary References Introduction Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is defined as diastolic blood pressure 90mmRead MoreThe Silent Killer is Hypertension Essay614 Words   |  3 Pages High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is the most common cardiovascular disease. Blood pressure refers to the force of blood pushing against artery walls as it flows through the body. High blood pressure can threaten healthy arteries and lead to life-threatening conditions such as heart disease and stroke. Hypertension is the leading cause of stroke and a major cause of heart attack. Hypertension is often called the silent killer because it rarely causes symptomsRead MoreHypertension In Nursing1340 Words   |  6 Pagespractices for treating and managing hypertension in comparison with the practice of health promotion and maintenance NCSBN category while addressing a clinical issue of hypertension and also suggesting a solution to the problem. Current evidenced-based practice guidelines for treatment of hypertension was created by a panel of the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8), whom reviewed peer-reviewed research and current practice to create guidelines. A hypertension management algorithm was created that outlinedRead MorePharmaceutical Treatment Vs. Lifestyle Modification913 Words   |  4 Pagespublishes guidelines on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults. However, the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline has still not gained multinational acceptance among providers (Stone, 2014). Pharmaceutical treatment versus lifestyle modification has been a controversy among the scientific community (Sinatra, 2014). Provider adherence to the 2013 ACC/AHA Cholesterol Guideline in order to achieve universal standard of care remains a challenge. The recent guideline representsRead MoreHypertension : Symptoms And Symptoms Of Hypertension1141 Words   |  5 PagesHypertension What is hypertension? Hypertension is another term for high blood pressure. Blood pressure goals vary depending on your age and presence of other medical conditions. For example, the current recommendation for adults age 60, who have no chronic kidney disease or diabetes, is a goal blood pressure below 150/90. For all other adults, including those with chronic kidney disease and diabetes, the goal blood pressure is less than 140/90. Hypertension is exceedingly common in the UnitedRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress And Behavioral Interventions1258 Words   |  6 Pages69. Pickering TG. Effects of stress behavioral interventions in hypertension. what is masked hypertension? J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2003;5(2):171–174, 176. 70. Palatini P. Masked hypertension. How, can the condition be detected? Blood Press Monit. 2004;9(6):297–299. 71. Denis Clement. Masked hypertension. E-Journal of the ESC Council for Cardiology Practice. vol.7,N °32 - 27 May 2009. 72. O Brien E, Sheridan J, O Malley K. Dippers non-dippers. Lancet 1998; 88: II: 397. 73. Fagard RH, Staessen

Consumer Ethical Beliefs and Personality Traits Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The subject matter of the research has considered two primary themes for the formulation of the study namely, globalization and customer behavior. Both these contexts have been exclusively researched in the past, in respect of their individual significance. Studies relating to globalization have more often focused on the influence on business houses and the economies of the world, whereas, customer behavior has been researched in terms of marketing and customer relationship strategies being implemented by firms. The process of customer decision making, on the other hand, has been mainly studied in respect to the marketing processes of the businesses and the cultural influence on their decisions. Relating the aspect of globalization with customer decision making will help in assessing the influence of the macro-environment on customer behavior. Furthermore, the research can throw light on the response of the customers in relation to the entry of multinational brands in their market p lace and the subsequent changes in the purchase behavior of the customers. The notion of customer behavior is an inherent subject in economical and business segments. The existing researches performed over the years have reflected many theories, models, concepts, and discussions regarding the factors influencing consumer behavior and the process of customer decision making. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Ethical Beliefs and Personality Traits or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In an economic context, the utility can be further segmented as a total and marginal utility.

The Potential Effects Of Democracy On The Middle East

The Potential Effects of Democracy in the Middle East Democracy has often been affiliated with reflective notions such as freedom and liberty, as well as the belief that people deserve a voice to represent their demands and the majority of a population should have its way. The first idea of democracy promotion started with Wilsonian ideas, the democratic peace theorem, and the long-term security interests of all democracies (Huber, 2008). It is often regarded as an abstract concept with varying definitions that change based on the area the concept is being applied in. Fundamentally, the democracy practiced in the U.S. is inconceivable to apply to a region that is drastically different in a wide array of aspects. As a result, any associations with the concept of democracy in regions such as the Middle East must be regarded subjectively due to a different social, cultural, economic, and political environment. Furthermore, the manner in which states with undemocratic political systems are portrayed as being ‘failed’ states car ries the connotation that being undemocratic is thus backward (Al-Jarrah, 2007). Given that the vast majority of the countries in the Middle East are predominantly Islamic, have diverse economies, and share a common Middle Eastern culture, these influences must be acknowledged for the respective roles they play in order to form an adequate definition for democracy in this region. In order to gain an understanding of what has prevented the Middle EastShow MoreRelatedDemocracy in The Middle East Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesThe imposing of liberal democracy into foreign states and in particular into the Middle East would not necessarily create peace due to their cultural and geographical context. From a westernised perspective we may heavily associate the nature of democracy with peace but the history of international relations and theory has continue to show that this is definitely not the case. The Democratic Peace Theory itself contains weakness and vulnerabilities due to its reliance on ‘casual logic’ (Layne 1994Read MoreReanalyze the Relationship of the West and Islamic Civilization Future1142 Words   |  5 PagesIslamic Civilization has triggered controversy among International Relations scholars. This paper tries to analyze three main supportive arguments from Huntington thesis in the West v. Islam conflict. Democracy System v. Islamic Laws Samuel P. Huntington stated that Muslims unable to accept democracy because of the nature of Islamic law and this situation potentially lead to the virulent clash between the West and Islamic countries. 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Diamond gives us a multitude of potential explanations for the absence of a sustainable democracy. His first explanation implicates that there must be something within the Islam or Arab culture or religion, that prevents the formation of aRead MoreUnderstanding the Arab Spring1050 Words   |  5 PagesThe revolutionary movement in the Middle East started in January 2011 where Tunisian Bouazizi Mohamed, who set himself on fire, ensued to the revolt of his fellow citizens (Pollack 2011). Political and social frustrations led to tremendous discontent of citizens, and massive protests and social movements demanded a change of the country’s political regime. This widespread event was known as â€Å"the Arab Spring† and empowered other people in Arab countries who were not satisfied with their sociopoliticalRead MoreWhy Did The Soviets Could Take Control Of Iran?886 Words   |  4 Pagescan find that there was much more than luck that existed. The events that took place during operation TPAJAX were well understood, which eliminates a large amount of luck. Knowing what yo u are up against is much different than just walking into the middle of something hoping for the best. The British efforts earlier clearly became a leg up for Roosevelt and established a base to start from, giving an inside reach to groups and people that could make the demonstrations and propaganda work. The dynamicsRead MoreDemocracy And The State Of Economic Development1708 Words   |  7 PagesThe remarkable progress for democracy is being witnessed for the past two decades. The number of democratic political systems has climbed from 44 to 107 since 1972. Over half of the 187 countries in the world today, 58 percent have adopted democratic government. To start with, when exactly did modern democracy emerge? Political scientist, Samuel Huntington argues today’s democracies emerged in a series of distinct waves of democratization between 1828 and 1991. Meanwhile, one of the most extensiveRead MoreThe First Immigrant Generation Of The Middle East And Theu.s. Western W orld Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneration in my family, who recently moved from the Middle East, Jordan. I moved to the U.S two years ago; however, this is not my desire or will. In reality, people fight and do whatever it needs to get to the U.S, but I am not one of them, and I will never be one of them. I was forced to come here by my parents even when they knew that coming here is not my wish. In the last couple decades, many crisis had flared up between the Middle East and the U.S (Western World). These crisis had startedRead MoreA State s Natural Resources Wealth Influence Its Economic Development1535 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes a state s natural resource wealth influence its economic development? For the past fifty years, versions of this question have figured prominently in debates over dependency theory, economic dualism, a proposed New International Economic Order, East Asia’s success, and Africa’s collapse. Since the late 1980s, economists and political scientists have produced a flood of new research that bears witness to this question. There is now strong evidence that states with abundant resource wealth performRead MoreU.s. Security Interests On Egyptian Citizens1944 Words   |  8 Pagesbrought to light the effect that global warming will have on Egyptian citizens in the near future. If you consider all these aspects together, you may assum e that Egypt is in risk of soon becoming another problem state for U.S. security interests. However, if you take a closer look at the changes made in just the last two years, you can see that the opposite is true. This paper will argue that rather than being a hindrance to U.S. security interests, Egypt has the potential to be one of its greatest

Case Study on Value Proposition and Sustainability @CoLinx

Question: Write a case study on CoLinx? Executive Summary CoLinx is a shared services organization who does not deal with customer. Manufacture-members are included in the business operation. One website is provided by the organization to access the information by the members, distributors and customers. This study based on the answers of three questions. First one is related the elements of value proposition for the manufactures of CoLinx. Second one is based on the major sources available to the company for saving the manufacturer-members and third one is related with the keys to long-term sustainability of relationship. Table of Content Elements of the Value Proposition Major sources of savings for manufacturer-members Keys to long-term sustainability of a relationship Conclusion References Elements of the Value Proposition for the manufacturer-members of CoLinx Value proposition refers to the total benefits available from an organization or what promise is done by a vendor as the return against the payment of the customer (Kachru, 2009). Value proposition is the marketing statement that describes why a customer should purchase a product or render a service. There are basically three elements of Value Proposition: Capability, impact and cost (Stolarczyk, 2010). Capability refers to the level of benefits provided by the organization to the customer. It defines the ability of an organization to provide the maximum benefits to its customer. Impact is the reaction of the customer against the benefits provided by the organization (Gattorna, 2009). It explains the success of benefits given by the organization to its customer. Cost is associated with the benefits. It is required to know what the customer must pay for getting the benefits from the company. CoLinx is a manufacturer-owned provider of shared e-commerce and logistics services in North America. It was established in 2001. It includes four competing manufacturers. The founders of CoLinx are Rockwell Automation, SKF Group, INA Holding Schaeffler KG, and The Timken Company. In business world, each entity wants keep their separate or individual business interest. The focus is to make their own brand identity in the market at a minimum cost (Grawe, 2009). It is observed that shopping mall enhances the visibility of the stores it houses (Wang, 2013). Each storeowner will be benefitted if large number of people passes from the front of stores. On the other side, a mall provides such kind of environment where wider range of complementary products and services are available (Routroy, 2009). The benefits offered by the CoLinx is almost identical with the benefits offered at shopping mall. The exposure will increase to the manufacturer to a considerably wider array of distributors (Borgman and Rachan, 2009). Distributors can also gain benefit from varieties of products and services because the products and services are available at vast and more convenient than the accessibility via individual sites. At this venture, the founders are focused on the return on investment and capacity utilization. Each founder has their own interests to involve in e-commerce. Each individual feel discomfort relating to the level of investment. Purchasing at CoLinx, the founders can able to obtain all the functionality of e-commerce which they required for what the organization explains as regarding a quarter the price of doing it themselves. The expectation of the members is to obtain the substantial return on investment. They also expect to avoid the costs except the cost incurred related to the activities which is not possible to share. The founders try to emphasize on the improvement of relationship with their distributor customers and ensuring that all individual manufacturer keeps control for retaining the relationship (Klaus, 2009). According to those criteria, CoLinx tries to keep in ensuring that PTplace avoids the characteristics of an exchange. Co-Linx takes actions for preserving the relationships between the manufactures and their customers. ColLinx is success in enabling the individual control. The Website interface is controlled by the BroadVision Software and the personalization functionality. Where, all sensitive data are kept by the manufacturers individual proprietary systems. It is observed that the CoLinx does not maintain the order information despite log of orders done through PTplace. It is the responsibility to the each manufacture what to present to the customer. Each manufacturer is also responsible for dynamic pricing, invoicing and retaining the distributors (Gomez-Padilla, 2009). Through t hose functions of manufacturer, CoLinx maintains the relationship with customers. Each manufacturer has their own log in id and password to access the websites. Each individual has the right to tailor the information visualized to each customer and the protection available to keep that information confidential from the other unauthorized users and other manufacturers. Shared logistics operations are observed among the manufacturer-members. The efficiency and accuracy of the logistics functions of CoLinx is so well. It provides service to the distributor branches in 93% of the time within 24 hours. After the sale is done, the manufacturer-member is liable for integrating the information (Bretzke, 2009). Flow of information occurs from PTplace to each legacy system and from legacy system to the logistics system. CoLinx is success to provide facility of shipping service with more frequent. Elements of the Value Proposition for the distributors of products that are shipped from CoLinx Distributor can obtain benefit with working with CoLinx. The distributor need not to access large numbers of sites for serving their customer. The four large manufacturers are available in one Web site. Distributor can easily access and check the information. As a result, they can increase their responsiveness for their customer. CoLinx can train them easily through their website. A one password can access all information regarding the fifteen thousand products which are offered through PTplace. CoLinx is success to strengthen the relation between distributors and their customer and between the distributors and their suppliers by making easy the learning for adjusting to operating commerce online. Major sources of savings for manufacturer-members of CoLinx There are several options to save the manufacturer-members of CoLinx. CoLinx is a one type of nonprofit organization. A nonprofit organization does to give focus on the increasing the earnings. Nonproft organization tries to gives more benefit to the customer reducing the cost as much as possible. CoLinx does not focus to promote itself by building the brand image. The mission of the company is to be the best choice for the manufacture-members. The members of CoLinx obtain the advantage of reduced cost accumulated by the company. Members have the right to access the all services offers by the company. Each and every member has the own password to access the website and they can keep their information confidential from the other members. The various services involves packaging, labeling, warehousing, kitting, light assembly, freight bill payment and audit, system to system connection with the customer, PTplace web stores, logistics management, cross-docking , consolidation of shipment and processing of returned goods (LeeYongKeun, 2009). The cost is reduced by the company by providing more frequent deliveries (Tian, 2010). So, that is the also benefits for the members. Employees can be shared from one member to another member which is also help in saving the money. Proper training is provided to the employees to handle the service operation. CoLinx try to save the money of the manufacturer-members by sinking the cost of shipping which is paid by the each and individual manufacturer-members (Jiang and Wang, 2013). CoLinx provides such platform and control to manufacturer where they can build a good relationship with the customer. The company has the ability to provide robust vehicles to the manufacturer for marketing their product to the large number of customers. Keys to long-term sustainability of a relationship such as CoLinx CoLinx is a 3PL company or third party logistics company. 3PL company works with shippers to control and manage the logistics operations (Pienaar and Vogt, 2012). There are various elements are included in logistics such as warehousing, freight rate negotiation, transportation management software, forecasting, in depth reporting, freight bill auditing and many more (Sople, 2010). The tasks are different to the several 3PLs. Their operational models are different according to their tasks. Relationship is important to the marketing for keeping sustain in the market. A long term relation needs to build with the members or customers. Satisfaction is the key thing to build the long-term relationship with the customers, suppliers or distributors. They sick the maximum benefits from the products and services of the company. According to the traditional marketing, the companies tried to increase the new number of customer. But the present scenario explains that customer retention is more imp ortant than increasing the new customer to sustain in the market (Bockholt et al, 2011). The parties related with companies looks for both financial and social benefits. Co-operation is another important key to sustain in the market. A good co-operation with the members, suppliers, distributors or customers helps to sustain the long-term relationship with them (D.A.S. et al, 2010). Companies need to apply proper technologies and methods of operation to coordinate the collaboration within the network. Trust and cooperation based relationship is required by CoLinx for long term sustainability. Shared risk investment and the unique goal are also important factor for sustainability. Each and individual members engage to contribute the services and can achieve their own objective as well as help in achieving the overall goals of the company (Koseki and Noda, 2010). CoLinx has several options to keep sustainability for long-term. Members do not feel the PTplace site as an exchange or e-market place. If they feel, they do not go for the business with the customers. The sale is not done directly by the CoLinx to the distributor or the customers. The manufacturer-members can only sell the product to the distributor or customer. So, it helps to keep the member tending to use their services. By involving the manufacturing-members in the business, a legendary customer service is allowed to provide to their customers. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that the company is success to build the good relationship with the members by providing maximum benefits. Shared services help to retain the members and control the logistics operation. Further, the company should give more effort to maintain the long-term sustainability. References Bockholt, F., Raabe, W. and Toth, M. (2011). Logistic assistance systems for collaborative supply chain planning.IJSPM, 6(4), p.297. Borgman, H. and Rachan, W. (2009). Managing Risk in Supply Chain.International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management, 2(3), pp.50-66. Bretzke, W. (2009). Supply chain management: notes on the capability and the limitations of a modern logistic paradigm.Logist. Res., 1(2), pp.71-82. D.A.S., A., Sequeira, A. and G.S., R. (2010.). Supply Chain Management Logistic Strategy at S M Electronics for Reducing Cost Improving Service.SSRN Journal. Gattorna, J. (2009).Dynamic supply chain alignment. Farnham, England: Gower Pub. Gomez-Padilla, A. (2009). Supply Chain Coordination by Contracts with Inventory Holding Cost Share.International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management, 2(2), pp.36-47. Grawe, S. (2009). Logistics innovation: a literature based conceptual framework.The International Journal of Logistics Management, 20(3), pp.360-377. Jiang, Y. and Wang, K. (2013). Research on Operation Mode of Intelligent Logistics Base on Fourth Party Logistics Platform.AMR, 631-632, pp.1254-1259. Kachru, U. (2009).Exploring the supply chain. New Delhi: Excel Books. Klaus, P. (2009). Logistics research: a 50 years march of ideas.Logist. Res., 1(1), pp.53-65. Koseki, T. and Noda, T. (2010). Run-Curve Design for Energy Saving Operation in a Modern DC-Electrification.Journal of Mechanical Systems for Transportation and Logistics, 3(1), pp.349-357. LeeYongKeun, (2009). A Study on the Activation of e-Logistics Service in Global Logistics, 7(1), pp.41-63. Pienaar, W. and Vogt, J. (2012).Business logistics management. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. Routroy, S. (2009). Evaluation of supply chain strategies: a case study.IJBPSCM, 1(4), p.290. Sople, V. (2010).Logistics management. Delhi: Dorling Kindersley (India) / Pearson Education. Stolarczyk, M. (2010).Logical logistics. [Seattle, Wash.: CreateSpace]. Tian, Z. (2010). An Empirical Study on Operation Efficiency of Chinas Logistics Industry Based on Super-efficient DEA.Contemporary Logistics, pp.3-5. Wang, X. (2013). Model Innovation of Exhibition Logistic Supply Chain.AMM, 397-400, pp.2672-2676.

FedEx Companys Marketing Recommendations

Overview FedEx has enjoyed regional dominance in parcel and cargo deliver in Southern China for a couple of years. When it entered Chinese market in 1995, FedEx enjoyed a brief monopoly of international deliveries in Southern China. It also had a stake in Hong Kong and other Cities in mainland China.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on FedEx Company’s Marketing Recommendations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With at least 11 weekly flights to and from Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, FedEx had a considerable Market Share in U.S.-China delivery. While entering Chinese market in 1995, FedEx opted for frontal-assault marketing strategy which was used in Europe in 1980s. The strategy was successful despite the Asian devaluation currency in 1997. However, the company recorded its first international quarterly loss in 2008. The 2008 loss and poor deliveries to China ware expected to be com pensated by increased Chinese export to western countries especially the United States. The company had nearly locked out competitors from southern China market of Guangzhou and Shenzhen which represented the largest manufacturing base in China. FedEx controlled over 13% of international deliveries in the region by 2001. It faced stiff competition from UPS, DHL, TNT and China post EMS international delivery express. It is now necessary for it to protect its market from competitors and venture into new ones. However, domestic express deliveries have been limited by bureaucracy and biased regulations from Chinese Communist Party government with the aim of shielding local investors and China Post from international competition. Competitors like DHL and UPS entered joint ventures with Chinese firms like Sinotrans and China Post. China joined World Trade Organization and agreed to remove some regulations by 2005. This would allow fair competition between local and international delivery companies. Competitors have entered agreements and bought local Chinese firms with hope of capitalizing on the situation.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Recommendation 1 FedEx should venture into un-tapped market in remote Parts of China though increased investment. Justification The Chinese economy accounts for slightly over 1% of world economy but its growth rate is one of the highest with an average of over 10% in the last few years. Several cities in China rely on local companies to deliver parcels and cargo to international destinations. However, the parcels and cargo take several days to reach their destinations. Furthermore, Southen Chinese cities are increasing their manufacturing capacities which increase their exports too. Therefore, most business establishments require fast delivery services for mails and cargo. Although competitors like UPS and DHL have bee n expanding their markets recently, there are enough opportunities for expansion. The investment should be based on the agreement between China and WTO to full deregulate domestic markets and lift foreign ownership restriction on local businesses by the year 2005. International companies can buy local firms or establish joint investments with Chinese citizens. FedEx can capitalize on this situation to expand its market to other Chinese cities which require international deliveries on daily basis. Implementation Before the final day of full deregulation of domestic markets and lifting of ownership restriction on local businesses, FedEx should keenly follow Chinese government steps towards achieving the WTO target. During every deregulation step, FedEx should invest to ensure that it is ahead of its main competitors. Meanwhile, it should continue offering quality services to its current customers and expand in its traditional market of southern China. Continued quality services will e arn FedEx recommendation to new companies and those experiencing delayed or poor delivery services offered by other companies. Recommendation 2 FedEx should enter into joint ventures with existing companies which have reliable networks within China.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on FedEx Company’s Marketing Recommendations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Justification Transport and communication infrastructure is not fully developed in China. This means that there are several cities, towns and villages which are hard to gain access to yet they require delivery services. However, State owned China Post and some private companies have been operating in these areas for several years despite the poor accessibility. FedEx can make use of these organisations to reach customers who have not gained access to reliable international delivery services. United Postal Services has gained access to the southern Ch ina through Yangtze River Express Airlines. DHL has acquired some percentage of Sinotrans to make it competitive in the region. FedEx can counter ths competition by enhancing relationship with its existing partners and enter into agreements with new ones. Since TNT was expected to end its engagement with Sinotrans by 2003. FedEx can capitalize on that and enter into business agreements with Sinotrants to fill the gap left by TNT. Although TNT is entering into joint venture with a subsidiary of China Post, customers who relied on its venture with Sinotrants will be left without reliable delivery service. This is a good opportunity for FedEx to explore. Implementation FedEx must establish weather partners are reliable or not before it enter into joint ventures with them. This will ensure that their reliable and quality services are not jeopardized. Back ground check should be carried out before an agreement is reached to keep off companies with poor public approval in their areas of o peration. Alternately, FedEx can identify local courier and delivery companies which can be trusted by customers in their respective areas and then enter into joint ventures with them. Finally, when the company has established enough links with customers, it can improve its services while it introduces other competitive services to their new customers. This case study on FedEx Company’s Marketing Recommendations was written and submitted by user Conor Richmond to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Effectiveness of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Effectiveness of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Assessment of the Organization and Effectiveness of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Homeland security polices involve organization of the activities in all social spheres to detect, protect, and respond to the domestic attacks, including 9/11. Within the context of the National Strategy for Homeland Security, the mission of the department is defined as a â€Å"concentrated national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce America’s vulnerability to terrorism, and recover from and minimize the damage of attacks that do occur† (Kamien, 2005b, p. xli).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Effectiveness of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Department of Homeland Security organized activities into six critical mission areas, including intelligence and warming, border and transportation security, domestic counterterrorism, protec ting critical infrastructures, protecting against catastrophic threats, and emergency preparedness and response. All these areas involve specific agencies and administrations that take greater control of specific fields of social activities to ensure security, protection, and prevention. Under the auspices of the department, such agencies as the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Transportation Security Administration (TSA), and many other areas work on analysis, prediction, and prevention of all possible hazards within and outside the United States. Specifically, the FEMA aims to organize, plan, and coordinate available resource for mitigating and responding to the effects of natural and man-made risks (Kamien, 2005b). The TSA is also an important element in the security framework because it monitors seaports, airports, highways, railroads, and pipelines that ensure safety movement of people and goods within and out of the country (Kamien, 2005b). This sector is of special attention because it is closely associated with global transport infrastructure. The Homeland Security Infrastructure successfully applies a multi-dimensional approach to protecting and introducing prevention measures and responses to outside and inside threats. Despite the total coverage, there are still gaps that need to be fulfilled to enhance the security and reduce the risk of terrorist attacks. Specific attention should be given to agricultural/food sectors which are considered within a broader context of domestic counterterrorism. Biological weapon and foodborne diseases can constitute a serious threat to the safety and health of the nation and, therefore, the Department of Homeland Security should consider this issue in more detail. In addition, the agencies should focus both on various types of terrorist weapons and on the areas that could be affected seriously. Overseas combating terrorism is also among the most important natural strategies initiated by the Department of Homeland Security. Regarding the scheme under which the terrorism combating occurs. The problem is that the National Strategies address too generalized issues while encountering terrorist threats and hazards.Advertising Looking for coursework on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There should be a more consistent and specific approach to the areas that need particular attention. Much concern should be connected with diagnosing and predicting, as well as constant overview of possible measures that could improve the protection systems. Constant control and innovation is the major source of facing terrorist attacks. Threats and Issues Pertaining Cyber terrorism The issue of cyber security has now been on the agenda of the Department of Homeland Security for many reasons. First, the technological advances and popularity of web space have increased the computer-literate population. The spread of â€Å"hac ker† tools complicated the tasks of the security agencies in terms of development of effective software and hardware that would reduce and eliminate the access to the confidential information (Moteff, 2010). In response to the treat, the Clinton Administration planned to establish a Federal Intrusion Detection Network that could meet the goals of the Homeland Security Department (Moteff, 2010). During the Bush administration, the intense focus on cyber security occurred due to the 9/11 events, due to the mission to introduce a separate unit that would protect and monitor the recent challenges and problems in the sphere. Cyber security significantly differs from the purpose of protecting the nation from cyber crimes in terms of objectives that are purposes by the initiators of cyber terrorist attacks. Specifically, cyber crime cover much more general categories and that cause different outcomes for the security of the U.S. nation (Moteff, 2010). Specific attention should be pai d on the developing a new agency and framework that would be responsible for cyber security activities and policies. The legislation and regulations introduced by the Obama Administration have enhanced cyber security and have contributed to the development of cyber infrastructures that were particularly interested in considering the challenges being critical to the safety of the nation. According to U.S. Department of Homeland Security (2009), â€Å"the use of innovative technology and interconnected networks in operations improves productivity and efficiency, but also increases the Nation’s vulnerability to cyber threats† (p. 12). Therefore, lack of awareness in the malicious factors that trigger attacks against the virtual infrastructure can lead to quick spread of debilitating effect. Therefore, the current and the main objective of the agencies responsibility for cyber space should ensure that the information flow within the nation is properly controlled and monito red.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Effectiveness of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The development of policies enhancing protection of the cyber space is quite challenging because of the interdependent and interconnected nature of Infrastructure Resource Center. In order to meet the goals, the main purpose of the Department of Homeland security is to introduce effective measure that would sufficiently address the consequences of outside influences, as well as provide effective response to the emerged contingencies. In this respect, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (2009) has introduced a consistent plan that touches upon the safety of important assets, networks, and system operating in Canada and Mexico and creating possible threats to the welfare of the nation. In particular, functionality, planning, and coordination should be among the core approaches of im proving the protection and prevention mechanisms. Vulnerabilities, Threats, Hazards, and Challenges Regarding Port and Cargo Security The post 9/11 event produces another potential attention to the carrier systems and cargo transportation in airports, and seaports. Such sectors as aviation and maritime have become the major focus of protection due to the increased vulnerability and threats. The major challenge in aviation is connected to the open and distribution of entry points both inside and outside the country, which makes it difficult to protect (The White House, 2003). Moreover, the main aspects of the aviation infrastructure constitute the major focus of the terrorist targets because they can become potential weapon for terrorist attack. There are many other potential hazards for aviation, including volume, limited capabilities, and time-sensitive cargo, accessibility, and aspects of security confronting accessibility. To meet the threats experienced in the aviation sphere, t he Homeland Department National Strategies has decided to identify interdependencies and vulnerabilities that could present the major threat in all possible spheres (The White House, 2003). Survey of manufacture, industrial, and production spheres in aviation are under the major focus. The points of accessibility should also be tightened in terms of security so as to reduce the availability of entrance areas in airport (The White House, 2003; Kamien, 2005a). Operations and coordination centers should not be available as well. Cargo screening capabilities and detection technologies should also be improved constantly. Railroad challenges should also be considered carefully to limit the threats of terrorist intrusion. The National Strategy, therefore, gives especial attention to the complicated network of railroad routes, which makes it difficult to ensure availability of security measures (The White House, 2003). In particular, the threat of specific train materials, including freight and transportation security, as well as lack of effective information exchange between the managers of the transportation sector can increase the probability of terrorist attacks. Transportation of marketing car container is another challenge that needs especial consideration. This is of particular concern to the emergency response mechanisms that are not developed extensively.Advertising Looking for coursework on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Highways and public transport have also been the major concern because of lack of sufficient security system that would take control of the passengers. Therefore, this field is the least protected among all types of transportation systems. The routes that include tunnels and bridges are also under the major risk of intrusion (The White House, 2003). These areas should be monitored by the public transportation officials to prevent the possibility of intrusion. Because pipelines are part of industrial and public service system, no specific unit is responsible for this sector. In fact, any damage to pipelines can lead to negative consequences in many spheres of control. Because pipelines are attributes of differential industrial networks, the distribution of stakeholder prevent the government to take sufficient control of the safety measures. In order to prevent the described risk, it is reasonable to introduce a common unit for controlling the industrial pipelines that are owned by va rious stakeholders. Introduction of common standards of checking is also another approach that has been implementing by Homeland Security. Appropriate Roles and Responsibilities of the Federal, State, and Local Government and the Private Sector Respectively, in Terms of Security for Critical Infrastructure Key Resources The U. S. social, economic, and political infrastructure is complex and multi-facet and, therefore, it is difficult for both state and federal government to take control of the public sectors. Greatest vulnerability can experience such spheres as food industry, public places of food consumptions, including care and restaurant networks, as well as food markets. The Centre for the Disease and Control can experience significant hazards because of debilitating influences on economic and social infrastructure as a result of the identified gaps. Michel-Kerjan (2003) argue that private sectors lack sufficient degree of collective preparedness, which is especially essential after the 9/11 events. Therefore, terrorist attacks are oriented on the private sectors that are out of the attention of the government to generate fear and deterrence among the population. Previous experience reveals that use of separate elements in combination with larger social networks can be used to generate terrorist attacks because there is a bad interaction and connection (Michel-Kerjan, 2003). Therefore, the government at regional and national level should enhance their cooperation and interaction to be able to react immediately to emerged contingencies, as well as to predict any possible threats the welfare of the U.S. nation. Most of the resources used by the government are not used properly to address the needs of successful infrastructure cooperation. There should be an equal distribution of forces, responsibilities, and duties to coordinate actions and introduce a powerful protection mechanism. Specifically, the main mission of the Homeland Security is to ensure proper cooperation of local, tribal and national governments, as well as private sector administration to remove control deficiency (Department of Homeland Security, 2010). Lack of interconnected response to threat is among the main vulnerabilities that the President Administration should address first. The establishment of relations between public and private sectors is also important for working effective protection strategies. Despite the effective diagnosing and prediction of challenges and threats, there are still areas that need to be addressed. Specific attention should be paid to equal distribution of control between the identified sectors because prevalence of one over another will not ensure successful cooperation (Department of Homeland Security, 2010). Therefore, there should be balance struck between local government initiatives and the legislature and protection schemes issued by the federal and state administration. Specific attentions should be paid to decision-sharing pro cess and problem identification. Overall, the overall protection and prevention techniques that were previously developed will work much better in case they are enacted in cooperation of private and public sectors. These operations could also be enhanced in case much concern will be given to the private areas where separate elements of a network should be in accord with other elements relating to much greater infrastructures. Threats and Vulnerabilities Affecting Agriculture/Food Sector Foodborne illnesses are among the major threats that can be used as a biological weapon for terrorist attacks. This is of particular concern to seafood, poultry, eggs and other perishable goods that should undergo strict control and adherence to food standards. The problem is that there no strict standards that could be applied equally to all products irrespective of region and place of delivery. Imported goods should be of special concerns because there are differences between the food standards at home and abroad (DeWaal and Barlow, 2004). In order to prevent the hazards, the government should be more concerned with the development of international standards that would correspond with global standards and that would provide a safer ground for food distribution. Lack of facilities for inspecting and checking food for quality is also a serious problem that needs to be addressed immediately. The local governments should creative an extensive network. Lack of laboratories and relevant technologies does not contribute to the security of the U.S. citizens because of the lack of cooperation between public and private institutions. The second step that need to be considered is poor work of reporting and surveillance systems (DeWaal and Barlow, 2004). Despite the good and cooperative work of investigation networks, the information received is not properly distribution for further analysis and, therefore, the government fails to implement to corresponding measures. In order to avoid th is program, the government should implement a specific legislature that would regulate transparent reporting. This area of reporting should not be confidential because the public awareness should be informed about possible threats of consuming various food products. Monitoring of food-poisoning outbreaks is also a significant component that should be properly arranged. Most of the programs addressing this issue do not equally assess the extent to which these outbreaks can damage the economy and social welfare of the country. Therefore, the government and the Department of Homeland Security should introduce greater efforts to improve the situation (DeWaal and Barlow, 2004). In addition, Domestic food production is closely connected with agricultural sector and, therefore, it should be carefully monitored by the National Strategy initiative. Control of planting and supply of pesticide and other substances are enhanced to prevent the spread of biological weapon. References Department o f Homeland Security. (2010). Quadrennial homeland security review report: A strategic framework for a secure homeland (Sections I-IV, pp. 1-36). Web. DeWaal, C.S. and Barlow, K. (2004). Outbreak Alert! Closing the gaps in our federal food-safety net. Web. Kamien, D. G. (2005a). Civil Aviation in the United States: Security Before and After 9/11. In D. G. Kamien The McGraw-Hill Handbook of Homeland Security. US: McGraw-Hill Companies. pp. 613-630. Kamien, D. G. (2005b). The McGraw-Hill Handbook of Homeland Security. US: McGraw-Hill Companies. Michel-Kerjan, E. (2003). New challenges in critical Infrastructures: A US perspective. Journal of Contingencies Crisis Management, 11(3), 132-141. Moteff, J. (2010). Critical infrastructures: Background, policy and implementation. Congressional Research Service, 1-31. Web. The White House (2003). The National Strategy for the Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets. US: Washington. 1-96. U.S. Department of Homeland Secur ity. (2009). National infrastructure protection plan. Web.

Designing babies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Designing babies - Essay Example The Greeks had similar ways to cleanse their society. The Spartans used to have their babies inspected by a council of elders and the potential unhealthy ones were left to die outside. This concept of artificial cleansing is referred to as eugenics, a practice seen in the twentieth century under Hitler’s Nazi Germany. The atrocities committed during that time put a dampener on this practice. Advancement in the field of genetics has resulted in a new interest with regard to health and eugenics. Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis is a technique by which one or two cells are removed from a blast cyst generated by in vitro fertilization so that the embryos can be tested for single gene disorders or chromosomal abnormalities. The benefit from this is parents trying to have children have an opportunity to eliminate some possible diseases and abnormalities they may carry a gene for. The development of a technique called pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) gave further fillip to this concept. The basic idea was that an embryo could be tested to find a perfect donor for treatments like organ and bone marrow transplantation. But artificial intervention has raised a lot of moral and ethical dilemmas. It can be justified if this is done in a life and death situation where a transplant can save a life (without the donor being seriously deprived in turn). But this technique has now degenerated into other disturbing areas. According to the celebrated author Debora L Spar, parents now utilize this procedure not for health reasons but by â€Å"those who want to select their child’s gender.† (Spar, 99). The Steinberg’s Fertility Centre in California even gets requests to help couples have babies with specific traits. Thankfully, technology has not developed to such an extent yet. The new eugenics have not yet resorted to killing of newborn babies, but is getting close by